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64.6%

of all bitcoin is quantum secure

  • 12.98M BTC quantum secure: only the address is on chain
  • 7.11M BTC public key on chain: quantum hackable

Each square is 1% of all bitcoin, about 200,000 BTC.

What makes bitcoin quantum hackable

On chain Public key 03a1…c7f
a quantum computer works out
Private key Quantum hackable
On chain Address only bc1q…
a quantum computer gets nowhere
Nothing to attack Quantum secure

Spending from an address puts its public key on chain. From then on, a quantum computer could work back to the private key.

Why 7.11 million have their public key on chain

Address that has spent before
5.17M 25.7%
Paid straight to a public key, mostly in 2009 and 2010
1.71M 8.5%
Taproot address (bc1p…): it is the public key
222k 1.1%

Most of that is old coins and a few big addresses

609 addresses

hold 3.31M BTC, 64% of all coins at addresses that have spent before.

97%

of the coins paid straight to a public key have not moved since 2009 or 2010.

Is your bitcoin quantum secure?

Standard bitcoin address never spent from Quantum secure
An address you have already spent from Public key on chain
bc1p… (Taproot) Public key on chain
Your xpub, shared with an app or a server Public key known

How to make it quantum secure

Your address now Public key on chain
send your bitcoin to a new address
New address, bc1q… Quantum secure
  1. In your wallet, make a new receive address (it should start with bc1q…).
  2. Send all your bitcoin to it.
  3. Spend as usual. Your wallet sends the change to a new address, which is quantum secure again.
  4. Use a new address for every receive.

Measured on our own full node at block 970,461, 8 October 2026: all 165,030,154 unspent outputs, checked against all 3.52 billion spends since 2009. Public keys that leak off chain cannot be seen in this data.
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